Hans-Peter Kohler (in collaboration with Ayesha Kharsany at the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa [CAPRISA]), recently received a 5yr NIH R01 Grant for "Identifying sources of HIV infection in adolescent girls in rural South Africa". The aim of this project is to utilize an innovative approach to identify networks of HIV transmission, combining extensive epidemiologic sampling with phylogenetic analyses of HIV-1 sequence data and traditional sexual networking methods. Insights into the sexual networking patterns driving high HIV incidence in adolescent girls in rural South Africa could be critical for informing future design of HIV prevention interventions.